Headline: Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

■ Release Date: 2023.4.17

■ Published by: Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

■ Keywords: solar, hydrogen, oxygen

■ Abstract:

Researchers have built a pilot-scale solar reactor that produces usable heat and oxygen, in addition to generating hydrogen with unprecedented efficiency for its size.

Headline: A novel platinum nanocluster for improved oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells

■ Release Date: 2023.4.17

■ Published by: Tokyo University of Science

■ Keywords: platinum, electrolyte, cell

■ Abstract:

Hydrogen, derived from polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs), is an excellent source of clean energy. However, PEFCs require platinum (Pt), which is a limited resource. Some studies have shown that Pt nanoclusters (NCs) have higher activity than conventionally used Pt nanoparticles, however the origin of their higher activity is unclear. Now, researchers have synthesized a novel Pt NC catalyst with unprecedented activity and identified the reason for its high performance.

Headline: Researchers successfully establish a strong mechanical bond of immiscible iron and magnesium

■ Release Date: 2023.4.17

■ Published by: Tohoku University

■ Keywords: magnesium, iron, steel

■ Abstract:

Transport relies heavily on steel. But steel is heavy, and scientists are turning to alternatives to lessen the transportation industry's carbon emissions. Magnesium alloys are one such alternative. But developing bonding technology that bonds magnesium alloys with structural steels has been severely limited because magnesium and iron are immiscible. Now, a research group has established a dealloying bonding technology that obtains a strong mechanical bond between iron and magnesium.

Headline: Graphene 'tattoo' treats cardiac arrhythmia with light

■ Release Date: 2023.4.17

■ Published by: Northwestern University

■ Keywords: graphene, medicine, cardiac implant

■ Abstract:

Researchers have developed the first cardiac implant made from graphene, a two-dimensional super material with ultra-strong, lightweight and conductive properties. Similar in appearance to a child's temporary tattoo, the new graphene 'tattoo' implant is thinner than a single strand of hair yet still functions like a classical pacemaker.

Headline: Using machine learning to find reliable and low-cost solar cells

■ Release Date: 2023.4.18

■ Published by: University of California - Davis

■ Keywords: perovskites, solar, cell

■ Abstract:

Hybrid perovskites are organic-inorganic molecules that have received a lot of attention over the past 10 years for their potential use in renewable energy. Some are comparable in efficiency to silicon for making solar cells, but they are cheaper to make and lighter, potentially allowing a wide range of applications, including light-emitting devices. However, they tend to degrade way more readily than silicon when exposed to moisture, oxygen, light, heat, and voltage. Researchers used machine learning and high-throughput experiments to identify perovskites with optimal qualities out of the very large field of possible structures.

Headline: Researchers develop carbon-negative concrete

■ Release Date: 2023.4.18

■ Published by: Washington State University

■ Keywords: carbon, charcoal, biochar

■ Abstract:

A viable formula for a carbon-negative, environmentally friendly concrete that is nearly as strong as regular concrete has been developed.  In a proof-of-concept work, the researchers infused regular cement with environmentally friendly biochar, a type of charcoal made from organic waste, that had been strengthened beforehand with concrete wastewater. The biochar was able to suck up to 23% of its weight in carbon dioxide from the air while still reaching a strength comparable to ordinary cement. The research could significantly reduce carbon emissions of the concrete industry, which is one of the most energy- and carbon-intensive of all manufacturing industries.

Headline: Tiny biobattery with 100-year shelf life runs on bacteria

■ Release Date: 2023.4.18

■ Published by: Binghamton University

■ Keywords: biobattery, fuel cell, bacteria

■ Abstract:

A tiny biobattery that could still work after 100 years has been developed.

Headline: Even as temperatures rise, this hydrogel material keeps absorbing moisture

■ Release Date: 2023.4.18

■ Published by: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

■ Keywords: hydrogel polyethylene glycol, silica, hydrogel

■ Abstract:

Engineers find the hydrogel polyethylene glycol (PEG) doubles its water absorption as temperatures climb from 25 to 50 C, and could be useful for passive cooling or water harvesting in warm climates.

Headline: Physicists find unusual waves in nickel-based magnet

■ Release Date: 2023.4.18

■ Published by: Rice University

■ Keywords: magnet, nickel, nickel molybdate

■ Abstract:

Perturbing electron spins in a magnet usually results in excitations called 'spin waves' that ripple through the magnet like waves moving across the surface of a pond that's been struck by a pebble. Physicists have now discovered dramatically different excitations called 'spin excitons' that can also 'ripple' through a nickel-based magnet as a coherent wave.

Headline: Stab-resistant fabric gains strength from carbon nanotubes, polyacrylate

■ Release Date: 2023.4.19

■ Published by: American Chemical Society

■ Keywords: carbon nanotubes, polyacrylate, polyurethane

■ Abstract:

Fabrics that resist knife cuts can help prevent injuries and save lives. But a sharp enough knife or a very forceful jab can get through some of these materials. Now, researchers report that carbon nanotubes and polyacrylate strengthen conventional aramid to produce lightweight, soft fabrics that provide better protection. Applications include anti-stabbing clothing, helmets and insoles, as well as cut-resistant packaging.

Headline: One-step solution-coating method to advance perovskite solar cell manufacturing and commercialization

■ Release Date: 2023.4.20

■ Published by: City University of Hong Kong

■ Keywords: perovskite, solar, cell

■ Abstract:

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are considered a promising candidate for next-generation photovoltaic technology with high efficiency and low production cost, potentially revolutionizing the renewable energy industry. However, the existing layer-by-layer manufacturing process presents challenges that have hindered the commercialization of this technology. Recently, researchers have developed an innovative one-step solution-coating approach that simplifies the manufacturing process and lowers the commercialization barriers for PSCs.